When viewing from the side or lateral aspect, curves are a normal part of the spine. The spine curves outwards around the chest level, called kyphosis, and curves inwards around the lower back, called lordosis. When viewed from the front, the spine should be perfectly straight. Otherwise, a spinal deformity may be present.

Spinal deformities can occur in many ways, including a birth defect, abnormal growth and ageing processes, or injury and trauma. The most common type of spinal deformity is called scoliosis. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that often first appears during childhood or adolescence. Signs and symptoms of scoliosis include visible curvatures in your back, one shoulder that rests higher or lower than the other, back stiffness, pain, or fatigue. There are different types of scoliosis and each varies in severity and treatment methods.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the magnitude of curvature and its impact on the client’s quality of life. More severe forms of scoliosis may require bracing and surgery. Occupational therapy interventions for people living with scoliosis may include one or more of the following:

• Educating clients about different types of braces and their functions

• Helping to manage physical symptoms such as back pain

• Coach clients to improve spinal movement with exercise and stretching routines

• Recommend adaptive devices that can improve the performance of everyday activities

• Modify home and work environments to promote safety and independence

• Encourage participation in scoliosis support groups

• Advocate and empower scoliosis clients and their families

Reference: Janicki, J. A., & Alman, B. (2007). Scoliosis: Review of diagnosis and treatment. Paediatrics & child health, 12(9), 771–776. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/12.9.771